Pneumonic Pasteurellosis

Pasteurellosis is an infectious disease caused byPasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative coccobacillus .The disease is characterized by congestion and haemorrhage of young skin. The bacteria may enter blood leading to septicemia.

1. Etiology
Pasteurellosis is an infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative coccobacillus. The disease is characterized by congestion and haemorrhage of young skin. The bacteria may enter blood leading to septicemia.
The pathogen invade the gastrointestinal tract, through feed and drinking water to the body. The bacteria invade easily if mucosa is injured. The bacteria penetrate through the respiratory tract, especially, the upper respiratory.

Pasteurella multocida under microscope

2. Symptoms
Symptoms include 3 forms:
- Peracute disease: This form occurs in the early outbreak of the disease, this form of the disease is rarely encountered,the disease may occur in a short time (several hours), affected pigs often die. Before death, healthy pigs manifest anorexia and high fever (42^oC). After several hours, dyspnea, nerve irritation ataxia, roaring then death may be seen
- Acute form: The disease commonly occurs in this form

Affected pigs exhibit depression and inactivity

- Acute disease is characterised by:
* Anorexia or refusal to eat
* Depression
* Inactivity

* High temperature (41⁰C)

* Nasal inflammation with red and swollen nasal mucosa

* Respiratory disorders, initially rapid or irregular breathing, then dyspnea.

* Dry coughing, coughing from time to time then coughing all time,when coughing, sitting like dog sitting

* Tachycardia

* Tremor

* Ocular discharges.

* Breaking out rashes in red colour and a few days later turning to purple,
* Pharyngeal oedema that extends to the chest and die
Chronic disease often occurs after the acute disease but is less severe , pigs mostly manifest respiratory signs
Chronic disease is characterised by:
* Dyspnea
* Rapid breathing, crackling breathing
* Chronic coughing.
* Arthritis, swollen joints
* Swollen knees

* Lame

In severe case, at the mouth pseudomembranes appear with rancid odour. After 5-6 days, death occurs due to weakness

3. Lesions
- Acute disease:The lesions include
+ Petechiae on skin and edema of the neck and chest areas
+ Hemorrhage of the serous membranes and internal organs
There is fibrin membranes in the abdominal cavity and chest cavity
In chronic disease
+ There is fibrin membranes in lung tissues, hepatization of the lungs
Accumulation of fibrinous fluid in the chest cavity and pericardial cavity causing pleurisy resulting in lungs sticking to the thoracic wall
+ Hemorrhage of internal organs, and the bladder mucosa
+ Gastritis and enteritis with mucosal ulceration

Red and swollen nasal mucosa, affected pigs manifest dyspnea

Pneumonia, lobar pneumonia with hepatized area

4. Prevention
- Vaccination is the most effective for prevention of the disease. MYCO-APPS vaccine may be used.
- MARFLOMIX, DOXY 2% PREMIX, TYLVAMIX or MAR-DOXY PREMIX are administered orally via feed or drinking water.
GLUCO-K-C, LACTOMAR, HERBAL MARPHASOL are administered orally via feed or drinking water to supplement electrolyte and enhance resistance against the disease
- Keeping pigsties clean, cool and ventilated. Disinfection of animal houses and equipments by using disinfectants.
- Vaccine against swine pasteurellosis is given twice a year.

5.Treatment
One of the following regimens can be used:
-  Regimen 1: FLO-DOXY MAR in combination with FLU-VIEM and ELECTROLYTE GLUCO-K-C
-  Regimen2: CEFANEW-LA in combination with MARTOSAL and HERBAL MARPHASOL
-  Regimen3: MARTYLAN combination with GLUCO-K-C-NAMIN or SORBITOL-MAR
-  Regimen4: Injection of MARFLO 45% in combination with MARFLOMIX

(Translated by Dr. Pham Duc Chuong, R & D Dept, Marphavet Corp)

Author: Tran Tuyen
Source: Marphavet

Key:

pasteurellosis is, an infectious, disease caused, bypasteurella multocida, gram-negative coccobacillus, .the disease, is characterized, by congestion, and haemorrhage, of young, skin the, bacteria may, enter blood, leading to, septicemia