Necrotic enteritis in poultry

The necrotic enteritis is caused by Clostrium perfringens type C (Gram +) in chickens of all types of raising. In acutedisease isolated anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) which are isolated produce α, β, y- toxins.The spores of Clostrium perfringens that are heat stable, can live in boiling water for 2 hours. The disease can be in assocation with coccidiosis disease or occurs after the change of feed. High stock density or transport of animals could cause the disease to occur more rapidly

1. Etiology
- The necrotic enteritis is caused by Clostridium perfringens type C (Gram +) in chickens of all types of raising. In acute disease isolated anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) which are isolated produce α, β, y- toxins.The spores of Clostridium perfringens that are heat stable can live in boiling water for 2 hours.
- The disease can be in association with coccidiosis disease or occurs after the change of feed. High stock density or transport of animals could cause the disease to occur more rapidly
2. Symptoms
- The disease can be acute with high mortality rates. The disease is localized and usually, takes place in broiler chickens at 4-8 weeks of age
- The disease can be in acute and chronic forms. Affected chickens express anorexia, depression, dark coloured diarrhoea with blood and mucus similar to symptoms of coccidiosis. Affected chickens have their wing limp with weariness, lying prone with head bending, unable to stand and mobility. The mortality rate is about 5 - 25%.- In chronic disease, the clinical signs are atypical. Affected chickens manifest retarded growth, weight loss, while normally eating and death may occur due to emaciation.
In the intestine, the intestinal mucosa is swollen with greenish colour then turns to brown. At the final stage there is greenish or brownish plaque coating the intestinal membranes. This coat is thin and easily to be peeled off.
- Damage to the gastrointestinal tract varies. Especially in the large intestine, íts content is in dark colour, sticky and in foul smelling.
- Long lasting inflammation and ulcers can cause intestinal perforation; feces is spilled out to cause fecal peritonitis.

Necrotic mucosa acquires a brownish or greenish appearance

Small intestinal mucosa is swollen and distended

Post morten lesions of intestine in affected chickens

3. Prevention
- Cleaning poultry house, feed, drinking water
- One of the following antibiotics can be selected: AMOX-COLIS, MARPHAMOX PREMIX, MARFLORMIX, DOXY 2% PREMIX is administered orally at dose recommended by the manufacturer.
- Raising resistance of poultry to diseases, limiting stress and heat by using ELECTROLYTE GLUCO – K – C, HERBAL MARPHASOL, PROBIOTICs….

4. Treatment
One of the following regimens can be used:
Regimen 1: AMOX-COLIS 1g/12-15kg B.W equivalent to 1g/2 litres of drinking water is consecutively administered for 3-5 days.
Regimen 2: FLO-DOXY 1g/4 litres of drinking water equivalent to 1g/ 15-20kg B.W in combination with ELECTROLYTE VITAMIN C is consecutively administered for 3-5 days.
Regimen 3: NOFACOLI 1g/3-4kg B.W /day in combination with 39-VITA-AMIN 1g//2-3 litres of drinking water is consecutively administered for 3-5 days.
Regimen 4: COLI 102 2g/ litre of drinking water equivalent to 1g/5-7 kg B.W in combination with BIOTIN B2B5 50g/80kg of feed C is consecutively administered for 3-5 days.
Regimen 5: A TO Z MAR 1g/3-4 litres of drinking water equivalent to 1g/15-20kg B.W /day in combination with ELECTROLYTE VITAMIN C, is consecutively administered for 3-5 days.
Regimen 6: FLOCOLIHEN 1ml/3 litres of drinking water is consecutively administered for 3-5 days and BIOTIN B2B5 added by injection administration.