Coccidiosis in poultry (Chickens, ducks, muscovy ducks)

Acute form of cecal type of coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria tenella . Acute form in the small intestine is caused by E.necatrix, E.brunetti. The chronic form is caused by E.maxima, E.acervulina, E.mivati and E.paraecox. The disease occurs throughout the year in both chicken farms and household poultry production especially in the rainy season and humid chicken houses, providing chickens with drink water improperly, secondary infections such as watery diarrhea caused by infectious bursal disease virus, E.Coli and pullorum disease

1. Pathogens
The acute form of cecal type of coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria tenella. Acute form in the small intestine is caused by E.necatrix, E.brunetti. The chronic form is caused by E.maxima, E.acervulina, E.mivati and E.paraecox. The disease occurs throughout the year in both chicken farms and household poultry production especially in the rainy season and humid chicken houses, providing chickens with drink water improperly, secondary infections such as watery diarrhea caused by infectious bursal disease virus, E.Coli and pullorum disease
2.Symptoms
- Acute form (occurring in cecum), in acute form, clinical manifestations include bloody diarrhea (waxy stool) about 4-5 days of infection, depression, ruffled wings, inappetence and anemia with high mortality.
- Chronic Form: Affected chickens exhibit distended abdomen, diarrhea with feces containing undigested feed or pasty diarrhea, anemia, reduced weight, and decreased rate of egg production.
- When infected with coccidia chicken is more susceptible to E. coli infection and pullorum disease, so the clinical picture is much more complicated.
3. Lesions:
- E.tenella infection: Cecal hematoma. Many red petechiae and white spots on the cecum mucosa.
- E.necatrix infection: The middle section of intestine is distended filled with blood and fluid. Thickening of the intestinal mucosa.
- E.Bruneti infection: Injury at the final part of the small intestine and the area near the cecum thickening, discoloration of Intestinal mucosa and erosion of the mucosal surface may be present.
- E.maxima infection: The middle section of intestine is distended filled with bloody mucus, mucosal thickening, and multiple petechiae may be seen.
- E.acervulina infection: White stripes throughout the intestine, but more severe in the cecum and hemorrhagic intestinal mucosa may be observed.

Some traces of the disease on infected chickens

4. Prevention of the disease
Sanitary management should be applied including spraying disinfectants periodically; vaccination has not been widely used because of high costs. Drugs containing sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, toltrazuril can be used for periodic prevention 2-3 times per month 2-3 days/ once, at interval of 7-10 days. This is a very effective and economic way to prevent the disease.
5. Treatment
+ Regimen 1: MARCOC + ELECTROLYTES- GLUCOSE-K-C
+Regimen 2 : MARZURILCOC + LACTOVET (not affecting egg production)
+ Regimen 3: MARZURILCOC + LACTOVET (not affecting not affecting egg production)

+ Regimen 4: MARCOC-E.coli + LACTO-C

If LACTO-C or LACTOVET living yeast in feed or water is oral administered, it will be good support for the digestive tract, faster healing of wound in intestinal mucosa.